[pleasant music] ♪ ♪ - It's not easy to do what we do.
It can be a danger to your wellbeing, a danger to your life.
- Every skeleton that we find adds more knowledge of a system of repression.
- These are not simply bones.
These are people.
Th ey had a life.
- Y la posibilidad de poder recuperarlos, saber dónde están, saber cómo murieron, es un pedido que lo vemos en los casi 50 países donde hemos trabajado.
- There's absolutely a lack of accountability.
In some cases, there is cover-up.
It's very hard to know who to trust.
- Nosotros también tenemos que poner nuestro grano de arena para que esto salga a la luz.
- "El Equipo," now only on Independent Lens.
[dramatic music] - [vocalizing] ♪ ♪ [soft dramatic tango music playing] ♪ ♪ [soft dramatic music] ♪ ♪ - Every skeleton that we find, every skull wi th a bullet hole in it adds a little more to our knowledge of how this system of repression and mass murder operated.
♪ ♪ - When I started as a consulting fo rensic anthropologist, I was doing maybe 40 or 50 cases a year.
The majority turned out to be homicides.
The first big case I had was John Wayne Gacy, who had murdered 28 young men and buried them un der his house.
Around 1984, as I recall, I get a call to go to Argentina for a few weeks.
Down there, the military had been getting rid of people.
And thousands of families wanted to know the fate of their disappeared.
They wanted to see if I could organize a team for exhuming the remains.
And that's how I came to know a really remarkable group of young people.
♪ ♪ - I did most of university under the military government.
And, um, it was an awful time.
From one moment on, we all have to carry IDs al ways with us.
Immediately, it was clear we could not talk about a lot of things in public.
It was a very strong imposition on every moment of your life.
♪ ♪ - En la Argentina se vivía en paz.
Pero en el mundo se expande el cáncer de la violencia ideológica.
Los grupo subversivos quieren destruir y amedrentar.
Muertos.
Heridos.
Sangre!
Las Fuerzas Armadas se ven en la obligación de asumir el poder.
[tense music] - The army seized power in Argentina, vowing to put the terrorists ou t of business and promising to restore order.
- People charged as leftist sympathizers were rounded up by the secret police and were never heard from again.
The victims came to be known simply as "the disappeared."
♪ ♪ - It was very scary.
You could feel it everywhere.
It was the feeling that there was nothing you could do.
There was no--no way of defending yourself.
- In many cases, they say, the authorities haul people off in the middle of the night with no explanation-- in nocent people, with no connection to terrorist groups.
Officially, the Argentine government says it has no information on all the missing people.
- Los argentinos no tenemos nada que ocultar.
Eso ocurrió en defensa de los derechos humanos del pueblo argentino, gravemente amenazados por una agresión del terrorismo subversivo que pretendía cambiar nu estro sistema de vida.
- He's a very intelligent, very dedicated man who is doing what is best for his country.
- Thank you very much.
all: Con vida los llevaron!
Con vida los queremos!
- Nosotros solamente queremos saber dónde están nuestros hijos, vivos o muertos.
- Mi hija estaba embarazada de cinco meses cuando se la llevaron.
Mi nieto tiene que haber nacido en agosto del año pasado.
Hasta ahora no he podido saber nada de él.
- ¿Cuántas son ustedes?
- Miles.
- Miles.
Miles de mujeres.
Miles.
Miles.
- Miles.
Miles en todo el país.
Miles.
- Cuando iba a empezar la facultad fue el golpe militar y, bueno, las facultades estuvieron cerradas durante dos o tres meses.
Y después, al entrar a la facultad, se armaban filas enormes donde la policía revisaba tu mochila y todo eso, y todos los días lo mismo.
- I met Patricia at the university.
We were both studying anthropology there, though she was more into th e archaeology.
- Yo tenía nueve años cu ando falleció mi papá y 12 cuando falleció mi mamá, entonces mi hermana y yo vi víamos solas.
- The apartment that Patricia and Claudia shared together-- they had this gigantic view on the big avenue that's in Buenos Aires.
And we spent hours and hours studying and studying there.
For me, it was great to go to a place where, you know, there would be no parents, you know?
[laughs] Everything was pretty dark in those days, so it was a nice place to go and to be together.
- En un momento aparece Luis, y le decíamos "bebé" porque era el más chico del grupo.
- Yo tenía 19 años, había recién ingresado a la facultad y mi práctica desde el principio fue con arqueología.
Yo hubiera preferido se guir jugando al fútbol en esos años, pero bueno, la vida me llevó por el otro camino.
Con Patricia habíamos trabajado en cuestiones de ar queología tradicional en el sur del país.
- Patricia met him and they start dating.
And Luis was very funny.
We were very different, I think, the three of us, but I don't know, we trust each other very much, I think.
♪ ♪ I didn't participate in any political party or anything like that, but my mother was a journalist at the time.
And because she had a daily radio show, she received a visit of what then became the group of Mothers of Plaza de Mayo and the Grandmothers.
And they were showing her all this information of the children that were missing.
And she was-- she just couldn't believe it.
She started talking on the radio about these things, and so, um, at one point, she was constantly receiving death threats, and the family also.
So we, several times, thought about leaving the country during those years.
- About 1976, I found myself in Argentina.
It was the 24th of March when the military coup took place.
I happened to be on the streets with my brother.
We were both arrested and detained just for one night.
But what we saw that night is something I'll never forget-- so other young men our age who had been tortured and beaten up.
My brother and I were expelled fr om Argentina, but I always wondered what happened to those other young men th at were held with us.
[ominous music] ♪ ♪ It was later established th at there were over 400 secret detention centers around the country in which suspects would be tortured and killed.
- At the naval me chanic school, pregnant mothers were im prisoned and tortured until they gave birth.
Their babies were given to childless military families.
The mothers disappeared.
♪ ♪ - In the early 1980s, of course, Argentina was engaged with the Falklands War with Britain, and they lost.
- And tonight, there are signs that the last casualty of the Falklands War could be the Argentine military junta.
There were 10,000 in the square, many chanting for an end to the military government.
- Argentina's military authorities weakened and humiliated by the loss to the British have been forced to promise elections.
[crowd chanting] - El presidente de la República Argentina se dirigirá al pueblo argentino en esta jornada memorable donde la democracia ha vuelto a la vida de la nación.
- On the one hand, it was this enormous, hopeful moment.
But at the same time, it was very unclear how far the democratic go vernment was gonna go in terms of accountability.
- Vamos a ser el país que nos merecemos!
[cheers and applause] - Raúl Alfonsín campaigned under the banner of human rights, and when he came into th e presidency, he established a commission on the disappeared, and by that time, I was hired by the American Association for the Advancement of Science to find information about sc ientists who had been detained or disappeared around the world.
So I received a letter from the head of the commission asking if I would bring a forensic team to Argentina to help advise on how to exhume and possibly identify th e disappeared.
So I picked up the phone an d I called Clyde Snow.
[dramatic music] - As one of the world's foremost forensic anthropologists, Dr. Clyde Snow is often called upon to investigate skeletal remains in murder cases.
Recently, he went to Brazil to help identify the skeleton of Josef Mengele, the Nazi concentration camp do ctor.
- Ooh.
♪ ♪ Well, well, well.
- There had been so me occasional stories in "Time" magazine about people disappearing in Argentina.
But I wasn't aware of the scope of the problem.
Looking at the statistics...
When I got down there, by that time, I think we had around 10,000 people who'd been reported as disappeared.
Thousands of families wa nted to know the fate of their "desaparecidos."
Many of the disappeared ha d been buried in municipal graveyards in unmarked graves.
- With the new civilian government, well-meaning judges working with families of the disappeared had started to order exhumations of these unmarked graves.
- This was a disaster.
They literally went out wi th bulldozers and destroyed evidence.
- Gravediggers were just pulling the remains out of the graves an d then stacking them, and here are the families st anding around.
And there was no order.
There was nothing professional.
There was nothing scientific being done about this.
- After they dug up maybe 400 or 500 of these skeletons, families became concerned because nobody wa s getting identified.
- Even at that very early time within the euphoria of new democracy and human rights, there was already so me official resistance to digging too deep into the past.
But there was a group of remarkable relatives of the missing who were the grandmothers of Plaza de Mayo, and they had actually been absolutely instrumental in ensuring that Clyde Snow and Eric Stover's delegation visited Argentina.
- Buenas tardes, señor.
- Buenas tardes.
Dos paquetes de Parisiennes Fuertes.
[tense music] - I'd agreed to stay down to see if I could or ganize a team for exhuming the remains.
But I couldn't find anybody who was trained enough and willing.
It was considered dangerous because at that time, there were rumors that the military would come back in power almost any day.
When that happened, people who would be working in this area would be on the next round of disappearances.
A lot of the forensic doctors had actually been involved in covering up the disappearances.
So we didn't want those people.
Unfortunately, after about a month, I was just unable to recruit a team.
[crowd chanting] - The clock was ticking, Clyde was meant to leave, and this was not looking good in terms of its implementation.
So I offered Clyde to call out on some students of anthropology an d archaeology that could help.
His initial reaction was, "No way."
But he soon realized that that was the only option.
- So apparently, word had gotten to the student grapevine that this old "gringo" needed some help.
- We were at a demonstration with a lot of friends from the university.
- Durante la demostración se acercó alguien y dijo que había un americano, un gringo, en un hotel que buscaba ayuda pa ra hacer exhumaciones de personas desaparecidas.
- And we just thought he was, yo u know, drunk, period, you know, and nobody paid much attention, and then-- but he insisted, "He is in this hotel and he's inviting students."
- I came back to my hotel and there was a little group, kind of ragtag students there wa iting for me.
- Cuando entré al hotel, encontré un yanqui.
Un típico realmente tejano con el sombrero y las botas tejanas, fumando habano, pipa, cigarrillo... - I told them, I said, "Look, let's go out and have a steak and talk this over."
- Snow nos propone ayudarlo a realizar la primera exhumación, que era en un cementerio de la Zona Norte del Gran Buenos Aires.
Nunca habíamos exhumado un cuerpo humano y eso nos daba un poco de miedo.
- Ninguno de nosotros ha bía hecho exhumaciones en un cementerio.
Entonces para nosotros era todo un mundo completamente nuevo.
- I was kind of touched by their willingness, but really, I was trying to discourage them.
You know, I pointed out that this work could be dangerous, be dirty, and depressing.
They said, "Well, we'll talk it over, and we'll come back tomorrow and let you know."
- None of us was jumping with happiness to start doing this because if we started to work on this and a new military coup was coming into the country, then we will be on the list of people that could disappear.
- Porque el yanqui, viene la mala y se va. Quedamos nosotros.
Carne de cañón, digamos.
- But at the same time, if we were consistent with what we believe, we couldn't say no.
- Nosotros también tenemos que poner nuestro grano de arena para que esto salga a la luz.
- And sure enough, they talked it over, it sounded like a pretty good deal, and when could th ey go to work?
[soft dramatic music] ♪ ♪ We went out to this graveyard ve ry early that morning.
It was very cold.
Initially, we actually had kitchen utensils.
Luis had swiped a window screen from his mother's house, and that was all the screen we had.
- That first morning, we have no idea how we were going to react to doing this work.
- Like in any medical legal exhumation, you have to have po lice present.
Well, that kind of freaked the kids out because the police, they had functioned as the fourth arm of the repression, along with the military services.
- Sí pensamos que er a un poco inquietante el ambiente, con mucha policía... Todo era muy reciente.
- Las agresiones eran verbales.
La policía que decía: "Si nosotros hubiésemos hecho bi en el trabajo, ustedes no estarían acá".
O sea, cosas así indirectas que, en ese momento, estando en un cementerio en un día gris lluvioso con la tensión del trabajo que íbamos a realizar, escuchar eso no te ayudaba para nada.
- During exhumation, the victims' family had come out, but police had set up this cordon and were telling them to stand outside.
- The family asked us if they could get closer.
And so I talked to Clyde and I said, "Listen, they've been waiting fo r this moment "for a very, very long time.
So we think they should be included."
- And they said th ey weren't gonna work if the family had to remain outside.
- They have been denied information.
The state has lied to them.
We thought we could not continue on that lie.
- So I talked to the judge and we agreed that they could stay.
Along about 10:00 or 11:00, we were beginning to expose the bones of this young woman.
- Habíamos trabajado en yacimientos arqueológicos.
Era buena en huesos de lobo marino y guanacos.
Esta circunstancia er a totalmente distinta.
Cuando yo me encontré con la ropa, era como diciendo: "¿Y ahora qué hago?".
- We exposed the skull, and you could see a gunshot wound.
This was their first confrontation With the desaparecido.
It was a kind of a crisis moment, particularly Patricia Bernardi.
She was crying.
Meanwhile, Morris, the medical student, was down there with a teaspoon doing the fine work around the skull... and after about five minutes, Patricia came up and she said, "I need the spoon.
I'm making coffee."
And that's when I knew I had a team.
[determined music] ♪ ♪ - We clearly saw when we started exhuming these people were probably our age when they--when they were killed.
But at least myself, when I was doing the work, I was not thinking about that.
I found a passion on doing this work that took me completely by surprise.
- Creo que éramos muy jóvenes pero teníamos una pasión que era difícil de frenarnos.
- Human bones are revealing the secrets of Argentina's holocaust.
One by one, the desaparecidos, the disappeared, ar e identified.
- The people who dig up the bones with such care and precision are all yo ung graduate students who only a few years ago might themselves have been among the disappeared.
- Cada día que íbamos al campo con Clyde era como una clase práctica de un montón de cosas.
- We didn't have any time for didactic lectures.
We had to go out and work, and they were very receptive.
- Nunca lo vi co mo un profesor de esos que está nada más pa ra dar clase.
Clyde se tiraba con nosotros al piso.
Si había que comer dentro de la fosa comía dentro de la fosa.
O sea, lo que hacíamos todos, él lo hacía.
- Siempre fumaba, tomaba, le gustaba la buena vida... - Y siempre su s sombreros terminaban en la mano de alguien y generalmente de aquellos que le hacían el Martini bien seco.
[soft music] ♪ ♪ - Estas son épocas pre-ADN, que hoy parece increíble pero así era.
Entonces teníamos muchas limitaciones para hacer identificaciones.
No se podía hacer huellas, obviamente, porque era esqueleto y entonces teníamos que contar en datos odontológicos, fracturas antiguas y cosas por el estilo.
- Clyde was instructing them on how to reconstruct a skull, how to determine it was a close or, long-range gunshot wound, how to determine th e age, gender.
They were being trained in all of these techniques in forensic anthropology.
And at that time, the team was actually receiving calls at their office threatening them with death.
And they had a joke in which they'd say, "We're really sorry.
We only take death threats after 4:00 p.m.," and hang up.
- They were doing da ngerous work.
Clyde called one time and he said he was changing hotels.
And he said, "I've been getting threatening calls," and they discovered that they're coming from inside the hotel.
But he had a layer of protection because of his pr ess attention.
He realized those kids were going through that kind of danger without backup, so they weren't gonna be noticed if they disappeared.
♪ ♪ - One day, we were approached by a mother by the name of "Coqui" Pereyra.
Her daughter, Li liana Pereyra, had been a law student in La Plata.
She and her boyfriend were living in a pensión, and one day, a naval death squad arrived and the two of them we re taken away.
At the time, she was about six months pregnant.
Her mother, Coqui, had spent quite a bit of time researching where she could possibly be buried and found a site.
[somber music] So Clyde and the young students went to the site and carried out th e exhumation.
♪ ♪ Once Clyde Snow had made a positive identification that this was, in fact, Li liana Pereyra, he also was able, by looking at the pelvis, to determine that she had had a term, or near-term birth.
- She was one of several hundred young women who were pregnant when they were kidnapped.
And when the death squads found out that a young woman was pregnant, they would keep her alive long enough to deliver the baby.
Then the baby was taken and farmed out to military or police families, or sometimes just sold on the black market.
Then they would kill the mother.
♪ ♪ - Coqui, the mother, wanted to come and see the remains.
And this was the first time that the Argentine students had to lay a skeleton out and to show it to a family member.
♪ ♪ Coqui Pereyra comes in with her other daughter and they stood there and Clyde describes how she was identified.
And that, in fact, he believed that she had had a baby.
After everyone left, the daughter came back and asked me if she could go back in the room to look at the skeleton one last time.
And I noticed she reached down and picked up a bone and took it with her to remember her sister.
♪ ♪ - Sometimes, in the lab, they'd see something they had-- for example, a child-- and they were having some difficulty with that.
But if you start letting your emotions influence your findings, then you lose credibility as an expert.
[projector clicks] On the other hand, if you just begin thinking of these bones as objects, you lose something because you always have to bear in mind that these were people whose lives, or at least th e ends of their lives, you're trying to tell the story of.
♪ ♪ And I finally told them, I said, "Look, if you have to cry, cry at night."
And that, I think, became a kind of a mantra with them.
And I think there were a lot of tears shed in Buenos Aires at night during that period.
These murders were planned and executed by a bunch of rational men sitting around conference tables in their fancy uniforms an d $500 suits.
There were planned and executed very cold-bloodedly, and to me, that is a very frightening-- those are the kind of people I'm afraid of.
all: Asesinos!
Asesinos!
- During seven years of military rule, as many as 30,000 Argentines disappeared.
Civilian president Raúl Alfonsín has charged nine senior military officers including th ree former presidents, with kidnapping, torture, and murder.
Repressive military regimes ha ve ruled this country for more than half a century.
For most of the people here, what is happening now was previously unthinkable.
- Yo estuve detenido un año y medio en el campo de La Perla.
Todos los detenidos eran torturados.
- Me atan, me ponen un trapo húmedo en el pecho y me empiezan a pasar corriente eléctrica.
- En ese momento, no me dejaron dormir ni de día ni de noche.
Constantemente me decían que me iban a matar.
- Nos encontramos en presencia de otro terrorismo: el del Estado, que reproduce en sí mismo los males que dice combatir.
- The junta trials were amazing.
All this evidence wa s coming out publicly for the first time in years.
And there was no way anybody could ignore what was going on.
- Pero no me siento culpable.
Sencillamente porque no soy culpable.
- Se llama al estrado al Dr. Clyde Collins Snow.
- When the junta trial ca me up, we can't talk about 12,000 desaparecidos, but one can sometimes st and for many.
The bones of the skull as we found them were very fragmented form.
Along with the fragments, we also found pellets from a shotgun consistent with the police and army security weapon in Argentina.
- When Clyde had to testify, there was absolute silence.
We were all so proud.
- Putting all this information together, we were able to identify the individual as Liliana Carmen Pereyra.
- He end up with a photo of Liliana Pereyra, and for us, that was one of those moments that stayed forever in the sense of, never forget that these are not simply bones.
These are people.
They have a face.
They had a life.
Don't lose that connection.
- Quiero utilizar una frase que no me pertenece, porque pertenece ya a todo el pueblo argentino.
Señores jueces, nunca más!
- Silencio en la sala!
Silencio.
[cheers and applause] Personal policial, desaloje la sala!
- Asesino!
Culpables!
- A través de la reconstrucción de la vida de una persona, contribuimos en esta tarea colectiva que es: más verdad, más justicia, más reparación y más memoria para que nunca más suceda lo que sucedió acá.
- Fue una experiencia tan fuera de lo común, tan fuerte y al mismo tiempo tan extraña, que no había una idea de cuánto tiempo íbamos a hacerlo.
Y fue así como aceptamos.
Diciendo: "Bueno, vamos a hacerlo por un tiempo y una vez que terminen los juicios, pues cada uno volverá a la academia".
Pero nunca pensamos qu e se armara el equipo profesionalmente.
- Después que se va Snow, seguimos con nuestras vidas, hasta que Snow regresa, creo que a los cinco, seis meses y nos convoca nuevamente.
En esos años, ya teníamos la confianza de los familiares, no s pedían más casos... Práctica a mí se me hace... - El tema de tomar el colectivo a la mañana para ir al cementerio de Avellaneda a excavar... ...eran cosas que, en la sociedad de ese momento, aparecían como muy extrañas.
Era como una especie de secta y generaba rápidamente un espíritu de grupo muy fuerte.
- Los dos primeros años fueron voluntarios.
Clyde siguió viniendo mucho.
Y no parábamos de trabajar, o sea, la cantidad de trabajo era enorme.
A mí me parecía que era importantísimo que nosotros empezáramos a tener una documentación, aparte de la fotográfica, en video.
Entonces, ahí fue donde empecé a documentar en video.
- Ah.
- Ahí... ¿Justo en frente de mi cámara?
¿Esto es los fragmentos de rótula y todo eso?
- Sí.
- A ver.
- [indistinct].
- Tíralo por ahí.
[determined music] - El equipo, a lo largo de los años, fue creciendo en número de personas y se incorpora gente nueva.
Era muy gratificante trabajar en conjunto con otros amigos y colegas.
Junto con la información que obraba en el expediente, nos permiten asegurar en un ciento por ciento de... [laughs] De certeza... [laughter] - Danos más.
- Que me come!
Que me come!
Nos dimos cuenta de que estábamos funcionando como un equipo y que nos gustaba lo que estábamos haciendo y que teníamos que empezar a pensar en formalizar esto de alguna manera para poder tener una oficina, para poder tener fondos, para ser vistos en forma más consolidada... Entonces, en el '87, le dimos forma legal a lo que ya teníamos desde hacía tres años, formando una asociación civil sin fines de lucro y eso fue, digamos, el paraguas legal, a pesar de que ya veníamos trabajando sin eso.
[soft music] - You know, by this time, they were the experts.
They had had th e only real experience of anyone in the world, and it touched off a revolution.
- Después nos empieza él a llevar a misiones in ternacionales.
- In Chile, Pinochet was still there.
But Clyde wanted to see if we could form a Chilean team there.
Clyde had that vision that it could be reproduced in another country because it was extremely useful and necessary, and he was right.
- After Clyde started the Argentine team, a lot of international work st arted.
So they were everywhere.
You know, in Latin America, the Argentines are seen as stuck-up.
But Mimi, Luis, they were rock stars to me.
I was born in Guatemala and had to leave in 1980 because of some death threats to my father.
So I grew up in New York and I didn't wanna know an ything about Guatemala till I got to college.
When I was in college, I started going to forensic academy meetings, and in one of those, the first talk was Dr .
Clyde Snow.
The first picture he showed, it was a slide of Guatemala and a team of young people digging in the grave, and it was as if I was struck by lightning right there and then.
I was like, "This is it."
And immediately, when he was done, I just, you know, rushed him and I said, "How can I get involved?
Wh at can I do?"
And he invited me down to a course, a training course.
♪ ♪ Clyde came to Guatemala in 1990, brought the Argentines and the Chileans with him, and then it was about 1992, created the Guatemala Forensic Anthropology Team.
- Pretty good.
Nice to have you.
- Yeah.
Great.
- Clyde was a larger-than-life character.
He became sort of a mentor of life for me.
It wasn't just about the anthropology.
The conflict in Guatemala was fueled by race, and there was an old saying that witnesses would hear from the military: "Indio visto, indio muerto."
Indian seen, Indian dead.
So I think Clyde made a point to include those families.
Argentina marked him so deep, it made him who he became.
And then I think Guatemala ju st gave him a place to put that into practice.
- [laughs] [both laugh] - [laughs] - En las primeras, indudable, que Clyde era, o sea, nuestro referente, acompañándonos.
Y después ya Clyde dijo-- ya dejó de llamarnos "los chicos" y éramos los pares.
- At the end of that time, I was learning from them, which was all right, but it meant that I had taught them everything I knew, and that's when I kinda told them, "I've gotta kick you out of the nest now."
- Habíamos ya empezado a trabajar en muchos lugares distintos.
Y, de hecho, en el 92 en particular, hicimos esa primera exhumación sobre la masacre de El Mozote en El Salvador.
Para nosotros, de sde Argentina, Centroamérica era una zona sobre la que conocíamos muy poco, la verdad.
Cuando llega el pedido, quienes podíamos ir éramos Pa tricia Bernardi y yo.
Los hombres del equipo dijeron que Centroamérica era un lugar muy peligroso y que les parecía que tenían que ir hombres.
Y nosotros, con Patricia, que no estábamos muy convencidas si ir o no, nos dio tanta bronca ese comentario que dijimos: "De ninguna manera.
Vamos nosotras".
Entonces fuimos Pato y yo, muertas de miedo.
[tense music] ♪ ♪ Cuando llegamos a El Salvador, había habido un grupo de sobrevivientes de El Mozote y habían puesto una denuncia en un juzgado local.
Entonces, lo que ellos pedían eran exhumaciones.
[indistinct chatter] De Centroamérica, lo único que sabíamos es que habían sido un horror.
Eran conflictos mucho más parecidos a una guerra abierta de lo que había sido la nuestra.
[gunfire and explosions] [crowd screaming] - The people of El Salvador are caught in a web of terror, trapped between the military forces and the guerilla forces of the FMLN.
No one is safe in this civil war.
- And I can tell you tonight democracy is beginning to take root in El Salvador.
[applause] - This is the height of the Cold War, and Ronald Reagan had come into office determined to draw the line against "Soviet expansionism," as he called it.
He wanted to greatly increase aid to the Salvadoran military and it made what would have be en a civil war probably in any event much, much worse.
- The Reagan administration in Washington is backing the government drive with arms, money, and advisors.
- The spearhead of the operation is the new Atlácatl brigade, a quick response unit trained by the American Green Berets.
- The Atlácatl Battalion was an elite battalion in the Salvadoran army.
And they were ferocious.
They were notorious for killing civilians.
- [sobbing] No!
No!
¿Por qué lo hicieron?
- Toda la población de El Mozote-- mujeres, hombres, ancianos y niños-- fueron masacrados fríamente por las tropas... - What did the Reagan administration know about what some are calling the worst massacre in Central American history?
[somber music] - Los niños solo lloraban y gritaban a las madres que estaban matando.
A mí me mataron los cuatro niños y el marido.
Del caserío de El Mozote no salió ninguna persona.
Solamente mí.
Porque ahí a todas las mataron con toda la familia.
♪ ♪ - Within six weeks, it was on the front page of "The New York Times" and "The Washington Post."
What happened as a consequence?
It was denied by th e American government.
- Assistant Secretary of State Thomas Enders told Congress and the American people... - There is no evidence at all to confirm that government forces systematically massacred civilians in the operation zone.
- The Reagan administration essentially succeeded in their denials.
And aid was increased for the Salvadoran government.
But in '92, a peace plan was put forward, and as part of the end of the war, the government, albeit very, very reluctantly, agreed to investigate some of the major war crimes that had happened.
♪ ♪ - Donde fue la masacre masivamente fue aquí.
- Solo la pared quedó al frente.
Por lo menos señálalo.
- Estos son humanos, se nota.
- Ajá.
- Es un fragmento de tibia.
- Ajá.
- Abarcaron siete sitios diferentes.
Entonces, en cada uno de esos lugares es que hay masacre.
- ¿Y hay gente que conoce los sitios donde fueron enterrados?
- Sí, son los sobrevivientes.
- Sí.
[wind whooshing] ♪ ♪ - ¿Cuántas personas, aproximadamente, fueron asesinadas?
- Pues, aquí dicen que... Pues, según las historias de la gente, aquí murieron como 40, pero aquí están unos pocos, allá unos quemados.
Dicen que posiblemente hay una sepulturita por ahí.
La casa fue incendiada con toda la gente adentro... niños... Y se quemaron.
- Una de las cosas que yo me acuerdo es cuando tomábamos testimonio.
Vos veías que estabas tres o cuatro horas tomando testimonio a la misma persona que había perdido 20 familiares, o sea, era una cuestión así en que decías: "Guau, pero entonces esto abarcó muchísimo, esta masacre".
- Estas familias no tenían la duda, como en Argentina, de dónde es taban sus familiares.
Sus familiares, para ellos, no eran desaparecidos.
Ellos mismos los habían enterrado.
Lo que querían era que hubiera una constatación legal, oficial, de lo que había pasado.
Que realmente ha habido una masacre, frente a la versión del gobierno, donde decía que había habido un enfrentamiento en esa zona.
♪ ♪ [chattering] ♪ ♪ - A 50 centímetros de altura del suelo, se observa un proyectil de arma de fuego que ha quedado incrustado sobre la pared.
Un vestido verde.
Esta es la parte trasera.
Acá están los huesos del pie dentro de la chinela.
- Había mucha propaganda de fiscales y demás diciendo declaraciones en los diarios, que esto había sido un enfrentamiento, que solamente íbamos a encontrar combatientes, que la gente iba a estar con uniforme... Cuando empieza la exhumación de los restos y empieza a aparecer un niño detrás del otro, empieza a haber como una especie de silencio.
- Cuando empezábamos a ver las batitas, los escarpines, era una cosa que te iba asfixiando porque decías: "No puede ser que esto haya sido tan atroz.
O sea, la mayoría son niños".
Está todavía sin numerar.
Encontramos una pelvis y dentro de la pelvis, huesos diminutos.
Y corresponderían a un niño recién nacido; recién, recién nacido, o a un feto.
El--parte del tórax, el 68... Por debajo, aparece... - Mimi was bent over separating these tiny bundles that had once been children.
And she eventually came across the little toy in the pocket of one of these children's pants, and swore.
And it was the first sign of emotion I saw from her.
- When you go to a place like that where so much horror had occurred and it's pretty much abandoned and a mess...
There is something kind of comforting when you start organizing it and cleaning it.
Somehow, it's as if you're restoring some order just from the start.
It's as if you're bringing them back to be with all of us.
[classical music playing] ♪ ♪ Por un lado, era un caso técnicamente muy complejo.
Los restos estaban dentro de una casa que había sufrido fuego y había sufrido una explosión.
O sea que también había multifragmentación, una enorme cantidad también de evidencia balística, pero además, en este caso, nos tocó, sin saberlo, ex humar el sitio donde estaban más de 130 niños.
Trabajar restos de niños es bastante complejo.
- Tenerlo a Clyde en el laboratorio con otros dos científicos no rteamericanos fue sumamente importante porque nosotros no teníamos realmente una experiencia tan grande en niños y en lesiones con ese tipo de proyectiles.
- All right.
[sighs] What you have here, is a child.
I'd say it's probably around five years old, plus or minus 16 months.
- En ese caso, nosotros lo llamamos a Clyde para trabajar.
Nos parecía muy importante que científicos no rteamericanos en quienes nosotros confiáramos dieran su opinión.
Justamente por lo que había significado Estados Unidos en el conflicto co n El Salvador.
This was just one.
Nos parecía que si solamente nosotros dábamos nuestra opinión, lamentablemente no iba a tenerse tan en cuenta como si había ta mbién un grupo de forenses norteamericanos.
[helicopter whirring] - There's no longer much doubt about what happened at El Mozote.
- Both the Salvadoran government and the Reagan administration said no massacre took place.
Now it seems clear th at was wrong.
- Relatives are demanding that the soldiers be prosecuted and that El Salvador finally admit that a massacre occurred.
[soldiers shouting] - No duró mucho.
Siguiente que salía el informe, la asamblea en El Salvador vota una amnistía.
No solamente que perdonaban de una manera abierta a todos los que hubieran podido estar involucrados en violaciones a los derechos humanos sin que hubiera investigación, sino que además prohibían la continuación de una investigación.
- Consideramos el informe injusto, incompleto, ilegal, antiético, parcial y atrevido.
- Según ustedes, una situación de impunidad ¿ayuda en algo para olvidar el pasado?
- Es una disyuntiva falsa, muchas veces, pensar en justicia versus paz.
Y también creo que tampoco es correcto cuando la gente dice: "No hagamos exhumaciones", o "No investiguemos, porque esto abre viejas heridas".
Las heridas, en nuestra experiencia, están abiertas.
Cuando cosas tan graves suceden en un país, las heridas están abiertas durante varias generaciones.
No hay que tener miedo a la verdad, digamos.
La verdad no puede, este... El ocultamiento de la verdad no puede ser el modo de reconstruir una situación.
all: Ahora, ahora, resulta indispensable, aparición con vida y castigo a los culpables.
Ahora, ahora...!
- Esto igualmente pasó en Argentina.
- The government plans to impose a deadline for prosecutions against hu man rights atrocities during military rule.
The protestors say it'll allow notorious human rights offenders to evade justice.
- La Ley de Punto Final, la amnistía, ya las madres las veníamos denunciando hace mucho tiempo.
- Hubo un cambio fundamental en el trabajo de Argentina cuando se pasan las dos leyes de impunidad, en donde se acaban gran parte de los juicios.
Se permite seguir haciendo el trabajo forense con fines de recuperar evidencia y de identificar restos, pero nadie es penalizado o sentenciado por esos casos.
En ese momento también nos hicimos un planteamiento de decir: "Bueno, ¿qué hacemos?
", porque... una de las columnas fundamentales de la institución era aportar pruebas a la justicia para que la gente fu era condenada.
Entonces dijimos: "Bueno, ¿qué hacemos?
"¿Seguimos trabajando?
¿Tiene sentido que sigamos trabajando?".
Y los familiares nos dijeron: "A bsolutamente.
"Para que podamos encontrar los restos "de nuestros familiares, pero también, "más todavía, "para que haya una documentación histórica de lo que sucedió".
Entonces el equipo trabajó durante muchos años sin que tuviera un a consecuencia en términos de culpables.
One of the major thing, I think, that we all face-- not only the forensic teams working on human rights, but in general, the human rights field, is the issue of accountability.
In human rights in general, there are very few cases in which their perpetrators are brought to trial.
- Entonces, te quedás sin respuestas, porque la gente qu e cometió estos hechos sigue viviendo entre nosotros.
Y eso pasa en todo el mundo y eso se llama impunidad.
Y es la mejor garantía para que las cosas vuelvan a suceder, la mentablemente.
[solemn music] ♪ ♪ - Nadie tenía del equipo la idea de que esto iba a ser un equipo y que íbamos a ser reconocidos mundialmente.
De los 22 a los 35 el tiempo se pasó volando, porque era una cosa tras otra... "Bueno, me voy a El Salvador", "Bueno, me voy al Congo".
Y vos decías: "Guau, qué movida!".
♪ ♪ - Y así, poco a poco, a través de que se corría la voz, nos fueron llamando.
Nosotros ya habíamos crecido, ya éramos un equipo propio, con mucho desarrollo... - Queremos verte.
- Nunca hicimos lobby ni ofrecimos trabajo, la gente nos llama y así se fue dando siempre.
♪ ♪ Los casos tienen diferentes patrones.
Tiene que ver con el contexto de cada país.
Formas de eliminar a otro ser humano, hay miles de formas en todo el mundo y hemos visto de todo.
Lo que sí es muy similar es lo que les pasa a los familiares.
Más allá de su ideología, religión, idioma o país, para ellos, tener un familiar desaparecido y no saber qué pasó con él es una angustia constante.
Incertidumbre, dolor.
Y la posibilidad de poder recuperarlos, saber dónde están, saber cómo murieron, es un pedido que lo vemos en los casi 50 países donde hemos trabajado.
[all singing solemn tune] ♪ ♪ Y también es constante que nunca hemos escuchado a familiares hablar de reconciliación con los perpetradores que cometieron estas cosas.
Pero sí hablan de reparación, de justicia y de memoria.
♪ ♪ [solemn music] ♪ ♪ - He did get a call about doing some bodies in Iraq.
They called him about working those mass graves.
But he said "Naw."
He said, "That's a young man's game," which I thought was kind of interesting because... Perhaps he realized that he didn't have the strength to do it.
I remember that his clothes hung on him.
Instead of him wearing his clothes, his clothes were wearing him.
[birds chirping] We had to rush him to the hospital three different times and the third time, I realized there was no way he was coming home.
- Jerry told me that he very much wanted to-- to talk with all of us.
So I flew to Oklahoma.
Um...
I wanted to see him.
[sighs] - Cuando veo que en el teléfono me estaba llamando Mimi, dije: "Mm, algo malo pasa".
Y ahí Mimi me notificó de que Clyde había muerto.
- Fue muy doloroso, pero al mismo tiempo fue-- bueno, tuvo una vida maravillosa, hizo lo que quiso y... es el ejemplo que seguimos y eso es lo que se extraña de él.
- Clyde wished to have hi s ashes spread in three different places.
One was sector 134 of the Avellaneda cemetery in the outskirts of Buenos Aires.
Then in one specific place in Guatemala where he also worked with Fr edy and Fredy's team.
And another was in Koreme in Iraqi Kurdistan, where we also worked with him.
- After dedicating his life to search for the desaparecidos, he was comfortable being buried among them.
It just reaffirmed ev erything he taught us and the things we had to continue doing.
♪ ♪ - Este trabajo tiene un costo personal mu y alto donde uno pone mucho.
En mi caso, yo trato de preservarme, pero también pongo mucho.
Y son cosas que hemos descuidado bastante en el equipo durante muchos años, ¿no?
Cuando ya habíamos crecido mucho, teníamos 60 o 70 personas, varias oficinas, de a poco me fui dando cuenta que me gustaba más la cuestión de preparar las misiones, de hacer la coordinación general... Mimi se comenzó a dedicar a México, a Centroamérica y México fue otra dimensión.
[somber music] ♪ ♪ - Nosotros empezamos a trabajar en México en el 2004.
Y el trabajo fuerte, donde estábamos mucho tiempo, era el trabajo de feminicidios en Chihuahua.
[distant sirens wailing] - Up until then, we work in environments where the worst had happened, and now we are working on investigating what had happened.
Not in the case of Mexico.
Kidnappings and disappearances were ongoing as we were working.
When we started working on the cases of Ciudad Juárez, of the feminicide cases, several of the people that we were working with were killed.
The director of the medical legal institute was killed.
Several of the criminalistic people were killed.
Some of the investigators were killed.
And so at one point, we crossed the border and decided to live in El Paso, but come every day to work to Ciudad Juárez because the city was just getting too violent.
- Si bien el trabajo era similar a lo que hacíamos en Argentina, yo vi grandes diferencias.
Comenzaban a caer muchísimos casos, muchos de los cuales no eran de restos óseos, sino que eran cuerpos en estado avanzado de descomposición o de cadáveres.
Una realidad distinta, en verdad.
En la Argentina, las personas habían desaparecido hacía 35, 40 años.
Pero acá, un año.
Ocho meses.
La buena noticia no es: "La identificamos", pues los familiares decían: "La buena noticia es está viva".
Yo en un momento le dije a Mimi que, realmente, sentía que esta diferencia me causaba a mí como... no saber manejar tanto a los familiares.
Estaba moviéndome en arenas donde no me sentía muy segura y que me estaba afectando.
Entonces como que ahí me fui retirando y después continuó el equipo con Mimi a la cabeza.
[tense music] - Aguanta la respiración.
- No recojas... los casquillos.
- ¿Por qué los recogen, hijos de su [....] madre?
Sabes lo que hiciste, maldito perro!
- Tensions are running high in southern Mexico where police are suspected of participating in the disappearances of dozens of students.
- Y le pedimos al gobierno que nos los regrese, que nos apoye con eso en busca de nuestros hijos.
Los queremos vivos.
Que nos los regresen.
- I was really hoping th ey were alive.
The next Saturday, the director of the Centro Prodh of Human Rights called me and said, "Would you guys work on the case?"
But I said to him, "Well, we don't intervene unless we're completely sure that the families will agree with this."
So he said, "Well, let's do a meeting "at the school of Ayotzinapa and discuss it with the families."
[percussive martial music pl aying] ♪ ♪ When we arrived at the school, they took us into this very big room where there were, like, 300 students or more and the parents of the 43 kids.
And they asked me, "How do we know that we can trust you?
"How do we know that you're not gonna sell yourself to the other side?"
This thing of mistrust-- I only saw it before, I remember, in Ciudad Juárez too.
In general, when we go to work, there's like a base al ready set up of trust.
But I think that has to do a lot with Mexico.
You know, it's not something I took personal against us.
There's absolutely a lack of accountability-- total impunity-- and, you know, in some cases, there's cover-up, and it's very hard to know who to trust, so I understood it kind of within that context.
So they took some time to discuss among them, and they said, "Well, we want you to work on the case."
crowd: Justicia!
- Vivos se los llevaron!
all: Vivos los queremos!
- Those days where there was an enormous pressure on finding the students, there were demonstrations all over the country, people burning government buildings in different states.
[loud boom] - La situación en México era peligrosa.
Hasta el punto de decirle a Mimi: "Mira, es muy peligroso seguir allá".
Y tratábamos de no generarle problemas a Mimi llamándola cuando no era el momento adecuado o no era la vía de comunicación adecuada.
Porque había claras pruebas de intervención de teléfonos, ataques a dirigentes de derechos humanos por parte del Estado... Pero Mimi es una máquina de trabajar.
Y seguro habrá tenido miedo, seguro habrá tenido dudas, pero estaban los familiares queriendo respuestas.
[tense music] ♪ ♪ - Aquí se sospecha qu e se podrían encontrar algunos indicios sobre el paradero de las 43 personas desaparecidas que provenían de Ayotzinapa.
Peritos de la PGR e investigadores argentinos intentan ubicar re stos de seres humanos.
Trabajan en una barranca a más de 30 metros de profundidad.
- We arrived there without, frankly, knowing anything.
The attorney general, Murillo Karam, was there.
And he said, "Well, we have received information "that in this garbage-dumping place, "there are human remains, and this may be the remains of the students."
At the dump, we found remains that clearly do not correspond to the students.
So we don't know if the students are here or not, but definitely, there are other people here.
We realized it was a complex site and it was clear that we needed different disciplines to work there.
So I particularly thought about how much I missed Clyde when we got to the garbage dump.
Because Clyde was really the one who taught us to think in a very wide way.
I would've loved to discuss, you know, what disciplines an d what else can we do and is there something else we're not considering?
What other conclusion, Dr.
Snow?
- What's that?
- What other conclusions do you have?
- I have a conclusion... [clears throat] That it's time for me to go... - [laughs] - To go home.
- I think you're being very diplomatic on your sentence, Dr.
Snow.
- [laughs] [soft music] I-I miss him quite a bit.
♪ ♪ [soft dramatic music] ♪ ♪ In the Ayotzinapa case, we found all these irregularities on the investigation, and that evidence co uld have been planted.
The attorney general's office said they have found remains in a plastic bag.
But we were not present when they found the evidence.
I don't recall any other time in my professional life in which I was in a situation like this.
- En ese lugar privaron de la vida a los sobrevivientes y posteriormente los arrojaron a la parte baja del basurero, donde quemaron los cuerpos.
Hicieron guardias y relevos para asegurar que el fuego durase horas.
El fuego, según declaraciones, duró desde la medianoche hasta aproximadamente las 14:00 horas del día siguiente según uno de los detenidos... - The attorney general laid out and explained their version of events, even though that was not consistent with what we were finding.
- Es la verdad histórica de los hechos, basada en las pruebas aportadas por la ciencia, como se muestra en el expediente.
- They asked us to be at that first press conference, and we declined.
And they put a lot of pressure on us that we needed to understand that these were po litical times, not technical times, and that we needed to act accordingly.
I said, "I'm very sorry, but we are a technical team, so we're not going with this."
[crickets chirping] - De alguna manera, co ntra más te enfrentás con una mentira de parte del Estado, más querés vencer esa mentira.
En mi caso, con Mimi, muchas veces era escucharla.
Que me contara problemas, cosas, lo que le pasaba co n el trabajo.
Era que tuviera un oído de confianza en alguien en quien confiaba y pudiera descargarse.
- Of course, I never thought we will have to... you know, come out with conclusions that were going to put us in direct, um, opposition with the attorney general of Mexico, the president of Mexico, and every official, you know, in their government.
But if we don't say something, this is gonna be accepted as the truth.
El examen multidisciplinario de la evidencia biológica y no biológica no respalda la hipótesis de que hubo un fuego de la magnitud requerida que habría arrojado como resultado la incineración en masa de los 43 estudiantes desaparecidos.
It's very unpleasant when you see the reaction on the other side.
They really were very upset.
- Ya veré mañana yo artículos de prensa o críticas fuertes a su trabajo diciendo que ustedes lo que están haciendo es vivir del presupuesto de este tipo de trabajos o bien que tienen alguna línea con tal de desestabilizar la versión oficial que ha dado el Gobierno de México.
- Yo creo que ahí... Hace unos meses, el Alto Comisionado de las Naciones Unidas visitó a México y dijo algo que me pareció muy importante.
"Hay que terminar de castigar al mensajero y concentrarse en el mensaje".
Aquí tenemos que concentrarnos en la evidencia.
Creo que es lo mejor que podemos hacer.
♪ ♪ Esta denuncia pública que hoy hacemos no es fácil.
Pero está dedicada a todos los defensores de derechos humanos, a todos los familiares de desaparecidos y, en mi caso, especialmente, a todos los forenses.
Que nunca más un forense sea criminalizado por estar haciendo su trabajo.
Muchas gracias.
[applause] - It's not easy to do what we do.
It can be a danger to your well-being, a danger to your life.
Clyde...
I remember he apologized to Mimi and myself once for getting us involved in this "mess," he called it.
"You're here stuck with me, you know, in these holes doing this."
And... And he's like, "You know, you've done enough.
You can just walk away whenever you want."
But I never could.
He never did.
And so the work continues.
♪ ♪ - Something that always keep you going are the families.
It's very strong ev ery time we see them.
You go back to, "W hy are you doing this?
You know, why..." All this has a meaning.
They're going through so much.
And we wanna be sure that we completely support them.
- Una familia que puede, de alguna manera, tener un poco de paz y rehacer su vida...
Ya por eso justifica el trabajo.
Y por eso seguimos haciendo esto que hacemos, ¿no?
- We share these very, very strong bond with them that marks their lives... and our lives as well.
♪ ♪ [soft dramatic music] ♪ ♪ - Meet grandmother Estela de Carlotto, who led the search for Argentina's stolen grandchildren in the Retro Report short, "Grandmothers of the Plaza de Mayo."
- A three-man military junta has taken over the government of Argentina.
- The coup began in the early morning hours of March 24, 1976.
- The action was swift and efficient, and the new ruling junta co mposed of coup leaders seemed in firm control.
- It wasn't long before the military dictatorship started rounding up gu erilla groups and those believed to be left-wing subversives.
Housewife and school principal Estela de Carlotto wa s 47 years old back in November of 1977 when her 22-year-old daughter, Laura, disappeared.
- Fue la primera de mis cuatro... - She was the first of my four children.
Laura was a very re spectful girl, but with a strong personality.
- Fuerte de personalidad.
- She became politically active because she wanted change.
- Carlotto says she was frantic to find out what had happened to her daughter.
- En ese momento... - At that time, I was the same as the other mothers-- very naive.
- Nosotros no sabíamos... - We didn't know that the military were coming to kill people.
We were expecting the return of our children.
- But it was not to be.
Carlotto would never hear from her daughter Laura again.
In August of 1978, she was killed by her captors.
Although devastated, Estela de Carlotto was one of the more fortunate ones.
She was given her daughter's body to bury.
It was two years later th at she learned something she had suspected-- Laura had been pregnant and given birth to a son be fore she was murdered.
- Yo enterré a Laura.
- I buried Laura.
I knew where Laura was.
- Pero... - But...
I didn't know where my grandson was.
- Not long after, she joined the grandmothers, or Abuelas of the Plaza de Mayo.
- Sola era... - Being on my own was dangerous.
I couldn't share my sorrow.
So to find the grandmothers was to find company-- to exchange ideas and to look after one another.
[martial music playing] - The dictatorship lasted seven years.
During that time, as many as 30,000 people we re tortured and killed at detention camps all over the country.
Many of the victims were buried in mass graves.
After the regime fell, the grandmothers were desperate to not only find out what had happened to their children, but to also recover their grandchildren who had been stolen at birth.
- In the beginning, we were searching, but we didn't have a way to prove which were our grandchildren.
- So they turned to science, and in 1987, they began storing their profiles in a newly-created national genetic bank.
By May of 2014, Estela de Carlotto and the Grandmothers had found or identified 113 missing grandchildren.
And at the age of 83, her determination seems stronger than ever.
- I will never stop doing what I do because there is, inside, a very powerful strength that is love-- love for our children and grandchildren.
- Empecé a tener conocimiento de... - I first heard of the grandmothers and of Estela de Carlotto when I graduated from secondary school and went to study in a music conservatory.
- Ignacio Hurban was born in June of 1978 at the height of the dictatorship.
His parents were farmers near the city of Olavarria, some 220 miles from Buenos Aires.
On his 36th birthday in 2014, Ignacio found out that he had been adopted.
- Fue un shock, sí.
- It was a shock, yes.
The parents who raised me di dn't tell me.
When I asked them, they confirmed what I had been told.
- Not long after his discovery, Ignacio went to the Grandmothers, who arranged for a blood test.
In August of 2014, just days after ta king the test, Ignacio got the results from the head of the commission.
- She told me wh ose grandchild I was, and that my grandmother was waiting for me, very excited.
We met immediately the next day.
- Dentro de su carácter... - Given his good nature and nice character, he said, in jest, of course, "If I'm a grandson of the grandmothers, I hope Estela is my grandmother."
He seemed to have sensed it.
- But it also meant so mething else.
Her grandson's ad optive parents would face a legal investigation.
- Bueno, esas personas que... - The people who raised my grandson committed a crime.
- Es un delito grave.
- It's a serious crime-- a crime against humanity.
- Tenían un atenuantes... - There are extenuating circumstances in that they were farm people under a very domineering master, who one day brought them a child and told them, "Do not ask questions, and never tell him he is not your own son."
I personally do not blame them, or exonerate them.
- Ignacio Hurban is now Ignacio Montoya Carlotto.
Although he has changed his name, he says his bond with the parents who raised him remains strong and he is proud to be the 114th grandchild identified.
- Cuando encontré a mi... - When I met my grandson, I could hug him.
He doesn't look like his mother, but I knew that in his blood was my daughter Laura, and it was like I got her back.
♪♪ ♪♪ ♪♪
